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What is Tempered Glass? When Is It Required in California?

Home renovation projects help create a more luxurious atmosphere, improve functionality, and in some cases make your home safer. When your remodeling contractor installs new windows or glass panels in certain areas of your home, they are required to use tempered glass. According to California building codes, tempered glass is required in residential windows based on certain criteria based on the International Residential Code (IRC) with California-specific amendments through Title 24. These regulations define where tempered glass is mandatory, making your home beautiful and safe.

What is Tempered Glass?

Tempered glass — also known as tempered safety glass — is glass that has undergone a special heat treatment to change its hardness and the way it breaks.The outer layers of tempered glass are compressed at the molecular level, with the interior layers in tension. This makes the glass stronger and safer than traditional glass.

Engineered to be durable, tempered glass is four to five times stronger than standard glass, making it more difficult to break. When tempered glass breaks, it crumbles into small cube-like pieces which are relatively harmless, instead shattering into sharp, jagged pieces like annealed glass.

Tempered safety glass is used everywhere where the risk of impact against the glass and potential injury are high. Outer windows, shower doors, sliding glass doors, and railings on floating stairs are just a few of the places where tempered glass must be used to meet building code requirements. If your contractor fails to use tempered glass in these locations, it can lead to safety hazards, code violations, and extra cost to replace the non-compliant glass.

When is Tempered Glass Required in a Home?

There are specific criteria for when tempered glass is required to be installed, according to California building codes.

1. Windows

Tempered glass is mandatory whenever a window has all of these characteristics:

  • More than 9 square feet in area
  • Bottom of window is less than 18 inches above the floor
  • Top edge of window is more than 36 inches above the floor
  • There is a walking surface within 36 inches of the window

This rule is to target ceiling to floor windows, or large windows that may be mistaken for an open walkway. If someone accidentally breaks the window, it will shatter into small cubic fragments instead of jagged edges.

Tempered Glass Breaking

2. Doors

All glass doors, or glass around a door must be tempered glass.  This includes:

  • Sliding patio doors
  • French doors
  • Storm doors
  • Shower doors
  • Screen doors with glass panels
  • Decorative glass in entry doors

All doors that open, slide, or swing must have tempered safety glass, regardless of size, no exceptions.

3. Windows Near Doors

Any window that is close to a door may require tempered glass. If someone accidentally walks into the glass, it breaks into fragments, minimizing potential injury.

Residential and commercial windows require tempered glass when these conditions are present:
  • Window is within 24 inches of a doorway 
  • Window is less than 60 inches above the floor

This rule applies to interior and exterior doors, patio doors, sliding glass doors, and all entry doors.

4. Staircases, Stairways, and Railings

Any glass that is used near staircases or railings must be tempered, including:
  • Glass railings near staircases, balconies, and decks
  • Guardrails and glass guard panels in mezzanines or lofts
  • Guardrails used in floating stairs
  • Any glass less than 60 inches above the walking surface of a staircase

5. Bathrooms

Bathrooms have several places where tempered glass must be used. These include:

  • Walk-in showers with window walls
  • Glass shower doors
  • Tub enclosures
  • Glass panels or partitions near bathtubs
  • Windows near a shower or tub
  • Any glass within 60 inches of a water source
  • Any window less than 60 inches above a drain (such as in a tub or shower)
  • Bathroom picture windows
  • Outdoor spas, whirlpool tubs, saunas, showers or other outdoor bath areas that meet the previous rules

Since bathrooms are the main place where slip and falls occur in the home, it is especially important to use tempered glass in required circumstances.

6. Sloped Glazing and Skylights

Any skylight, overhead glazing, sloped curtain wall, greenhouse roof, or other sloped roof with glass windows or panels must have tempered glass.

7. Furniture, Mirrors, and Panels

These are not always regulated by California building codes, but are still recommended, due to risk of impact and potential injury:

  • Glass tabletops or glass shelving
  • Glass vanities
  • Interior glass walls
  • Mirrors above fireplaces or bathroom vanities
  • Aquariums

Anytime people will be in close proximity to a glass window or door, tempered glass must be used to mitigate serious injury in case of the glass being broken.

Top Reasons to Choose Tempered Glass

Avoiding liability. If you’re a homeowner doing a renovation, you are responsible for the glass meeting building codes. Talk with your contractor, and make sure they install tempered glass where it is required, not annealed glass, which can break in long jagged shards. It’s not worth it to risk injury to your family or guests.

Extra safety. The special temperature process used to create tempered glass ensures it will break in a pattern that minimizes risk of injury. If you have kids, pets, or guests, you should be safe and make sure the glass in your windows and doors is as safe as can be.

Thermal endurance. Tempered glass has a different molecular structure than standard annealed glass and can withstand a wider range of temperatures, meaning it is less likely to fracture from fluctuating temperatures and climate conditions.

Strength and durability. Engineered for strength, tempered glass is 4 to 5 times stronger than regular glass, meaning it can better withstand strong winds, extreme weather, storms, and impact.

UV ray protection. Tempered glass also offers extra protection from UV rays, meaning your furniture, carpet, curtains, and belongings will be less likely to fade from sunlight over time.

Types of Tempered Glass

You don’t have to sacrifice beauty for safety or building codes — tempered glass comes in different varieties, and they are all quite beautiful.

Options include:
  • Low-iron glass. Very transparent and ultra-clear
  • Textured or frosted glass. Good for privacy
  • Tinted and/or back-painted finishes. Modern, stylish, elegant

Call JC Construction for Glass Door and Window Installation

If you have a home renovation project in the Sacramento area, you can rely on JC Construction & Remodeling to do extraordinary work, on time, on code, on budget. If you need advice on selecting windows or doors, kitchen or bathroom remodeling, or building an ADU, contact our team today to set up a free, no-obligation consultation.

We look forward to helping you remodel and renovate your home.

Your Trusted Home Improvement Partner

JC Construction & Remodeling is more than just a construction company; we are your dedicated partners in transforming your vision into reality. With over a decade of industry experience, our locally owned and operated business has honed its craft, delivering exceptional home improvement solutions to our valued clients. Integrity and honesty are the cornerstones of our approach, guiding every interaction and decision we make. We understand that each project is unique.

Why we offer a diverse range of customizable home improvement services

Whether you’re looking to renovate your entire home or simply need a few repairs, our team is equipped with the expertise and resources to exceed your expectations. At JC Construction & Remodeling, quality is not just a goal; it’s a standard we uphold in every aspect of our work. Specializing in general home improvement and remodeling, we take immense pride in the craftsmanship and attention to detail that defines our projects.

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